SafetyInsights.org

This mini-compendium covers a range of papers talking generally about rules and procedures.

This includes the role, benefits and risks of rules, writing better rules incorporating HF/E and human-centred design, some literature specifically on workarounds, and then papers on rule departures and more.

Feel free to shout a coffee (one-off or recurring monthly) if you’d like to support the growth of my site:

General

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.05.011

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.05.013

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(98)00020-4

https://inis.iaea.org/records/rpw2q-s4y24

Click to access DekkerProcedures.pdf

Click to access Reducing-the-gap-between-procedures-and-practice-Lessons-from-a-successful-safety-intervention.pdf

Click to access 48103859.pdf

Click to access Rules-and-Routines-in-Organizations-A-Review-and-Extension.pdf

Click to access Grote_R.pdf

Are you sure you want me to follow this? A study of procedure management, user perceptions and compliance behaviour

12 varieties of rule-following behaviour

Shifting the safety rules paradigm – Introducing doctrine to US wildland firefighting operations

Procedure excellence: Changing paradigms to enable human reliability

Worker-centered investigation of issues with procedural systems: Findings from interviews with a representative sample of workers in high-risk process industries

Links between procedure use, procedure quality, worker experience and task frequency

Beyond human error: An empirical study of the safety Model 1 and Model 2 approaches for predicting worker’s behaviors and outcomes with procedures

Breaking rules for the right reasons? An investigation of pro-social rule breaking

Where Two Ends Meet – operator and stakeholder perceptions of procedures

Analyzing Procedure Performance using Abstraction Hierarchy: Implications of Designing Procedures for High-risk Process Operations

Resilient Procedures: Oxymoron or Innovation?

A new look at compliance with work procedures: An engagement perspective

Navigating operating procedures in everyday work in a petrochemical facility: A comparative analysis of WAI and WAD

Investigating Written Procedures in Process Safety: Qualitative Data Analysis of Interviews from High Risk Facilities

When procedures meet practice in community pharmacies: qualitative insights from pharmacists and pharmacy support staff

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289693287_Adapting_Safety_Rules_in_a_High_Reliability_Context_How_Wildland_Firefighting_Workgroups_Ventriloquize_Safety_Rules_to_Understand_Hazards

https://www.routledge.com/Trapping-Safety-into-Rules-How-Desirable-or-Avoidable-is-Proceduralization/Bourrier-Bieder/p/book/9781409452263?srsltid=AfmBOooY511OtV1BpQUF8o4fOA3O6-JSqhmKu1i_XXhS-kDIUmtoTC23

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.11.004

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2017.06.009

https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621365

https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2018.1529205

https://www.academia.edu/125097874/Using_a_procedure_doesn_t_mean_following_it_A_cognitive_systems_approach_to_how_a_cockpit_manages_emergencies

Click to access A392397.pdf

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chas.2c00056

https://ergonomics.org.uk/asset/B2E0ED12-99C8-49E8-8CE6153D7BCCC1A3/

Click to access HPOG-Procedure-Best-Practice-Rev1.pdf

Click to access core4.pdf

Click to access procinfo.pdf

Click to access procedures-audit-tool.pdf

Click to access improvecompliance.pdf

Click to access Principles-and-Guidelines_June2021.pdf

Click to access 143976_HSE_Human_Factors_04_Procedures.pdf

Click to access Guidance-on-human-factors-safety-critical-task-anlaysis-jk.pdf

Click to access hazards-26-paper-54-what-are-intelligent-procedures-and-how-can-they-be-developed.pdf

Click to access Best_Practices_for_Writing_Operating_Procedures_and_TS_Guides_2017_R3.pdf

Click to access FarkasReadingAssignment.pdf

https://www.standards.doe.gov/standards-documents/1000/1029-astd-1992-cn1-1998/@@images/file

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2016.08.003

Click to access Sinocruz_et_al.-Human-Factors-Implications-for-Standard-Operating-Procedure-Development-and-Usability-in-Reprocessing-Safety.pdf

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8155bb6c790de5662beca6502cf8db4df3df6fc1

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803806-2.00017-0

Click to access Sinocruz_et_al.-Human-Factors-Implications-for-Standard-Operating-Procedure-Development-and-Usability-in-Reprocessing-Safety.pdf

https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1761029

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.013

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Workarounds

The Social Construction of Workarounds

Designed for Workarounds: A Qualitative Study of the Causes of Operational Failures in Hospitals

When do workarounds help or hurt patient outcomes? The moderating role of operational failures

The Potential of Workarounds for Improving Processes

Fix and forget or fix and report: a qualitative study of tensions at the front line of incident reporting

Resilience in the blood transfusion process: Everyday and long-term adaptations to ‘normal’ work

How can we decrease burnout and safety workaround behaviors in health care organizations? The role of psychosocial safety climate

The role of continuous quality improvement and psychological safety in predicting work-arounds

https://journals.lww.com/dccnjournal/abstract/2022/11000/a_systematic_review_of_nursing_practice.11.aspx

Click to access nihms975330.pdf

https://www.academia.edu/15617682/Rework_and_workarounds_in_nurse_medication_administration_process

Click to access 1472-6963-13-175.pdf

https://www.jmir.org/2022/3/e33046/

https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2616

Click to access s12911-021-01548-0.pdf

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/349802433/2023-Indexed-Papers.pdf#page=237

Click to access Beerepoot2019_Chapter_ThePotentialOfWorkaroundsForIm.pdf

Click to access The-Impact-of-Workaround-Difficulty-on-Frontline-Employees-Response-to-Operational-Failures-A-Laboratory-Experiment-on-Medication-Administration.pdf

Click to access permj18_3p0033.pdf

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Rule Departures

Human error and violation of rules in industrial safety: A systematic literature review

Understanding procedural violations using Safety-I and Safety-II: The case of community pharmacies

Creating rules and rule departure types

Why do they violate the procedures? – An exploratory study within the maritime transportation industry

The realities of procedure deviance: A qualitative examination of divergent work-as-done and work-as-imagined perspectives

Violation with concerns of safety: A study on non-compliant behavior and the antecedent and consequent effects in power grid construction

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.013

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00073-8

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1998.tb00678.x

Click to access bending.pdf

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00073-8

‘You couldn’t finish the job without breaking the rules’: Common Sense Safety On A Large Construction Project

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040773

Click to access 317.full.pdf

https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joop.12382

Click to access 3-2.pdf

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.12.001

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(98)00022-8

LinkedIn post: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/compendium-rules-procedures-procedural-departure-ben-hutchinson-ueuyc